What synchronization methods do coroutines use in programming?

Special mechanisms adapted for asynchronous and non-blocking execution are used for synchronization in coroutines:

• Mutex — an analog of a mutex, but non-blocking. It guarantees that only one coroutine executes the critical section at a time.

• Semaphore — limits the number of coroutines executing simultaneously.

• Channel — used for data transfer between coroutines, can serve for synchronization through message exchange.

• Atomic operations — for simple cases of state synchronization without locks.

Example of using Mutex in Kotlin:

val mutex = Mutex()

suspend fun criticalSection() {
    mutex.withLock {
        // code that should be executed by only one coroutine at a time
    }
}

These methods help avoid thread blocking and work efficiently with concurrency in asynchronous code.