How is access to an array element by its index implemented?

Access to an array element by index in Java and Android is implemented through direct memory access using the index. Arrays in Java are objects that contain a sequence of elements of the same type, and each element is accessible by an integer index starting from 0.

When accessing an array element by index, a boundary check (index bounds check) is performed to prevent out-of-bounds access. If the index is valid, the value at that index is returned.

Example:

int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30};
int value = numbers[1]; // value will be 20

If the index is out of bounds, an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException will be thrown. This check ensures safety when working with arrays.