How is state preservation management of objects implemented in modern applications?

Modern Android applications manage object state preservation using several approaches:

• ViewModel — stores UI-related data and survives configuration changes (e.g., screen rotation), allowing the state to be retained.
• SavedStateHandle — enables saving and restoring ViewModel state when the process is destroyed.
• onSaveInstanceState(Bundle) — a method of Activity/Fragment for saving small amounts of data in a Bundle, which the system uses during component recreation.
• Room or other databases — for long-term storage of state and data.

Example of using ViewModel with state preservation:

class MyViewModel(private val state: SavedStateHandle) : ViewModel() {
    var counter: Int
        get() = state.get("counter") ?: 0
        set(value) = state.set("counter", value)
}

Thus, the state is automatically saved and restored during UI component recreation.