What characteristics and features do static functions have in object-oriented languages?

Static functions (static methods) in object-oriented languages belong to the class, not to a specific object. This means they can be called without creating an instance of the class.

Main features:

• They do not have access to non-static fields and methods of the class, as they are not linked to a specific object.
• Often used for utility functions that do not depend on the state of an object.
• Can be called directly through the class name.

Example in Java:

public class MathUtils {
    public static int add(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }
}

// Calling a static method
int sum = MathUtils.add(5, 3);

Static methods are useful for functions that logically belong to a class but do not require data from a specific object.