How is the relationship and interaction of coroutines implemented in technical terms?

In technical terms, coroutines are implemented as lightweight threads, which are managed by a scheduler within a single operating system thread. The relationship and interaction between coroutines are provided through mechanisms of suspension and resumption of execution. When a coroutine encounters an operation that may take time (e.g., input/output), it suspends, freeing the thread for other coroutines.

Interaction between coroutines occurs through:

• Channels — allow safe and asynchronous data transfer between coroutines.
• Shared contexts and dispatchers — manage scheduling and distribution of coroutines across threads.

Thus, coroutines do not create new system threads but use existing ones, switching between each other without blocking, which increases the efficiency and scalability of applications.