How do you transfer information between two fragments in an application?

There are several approaches to passing information between two fragments in Android:

1. Via Activity: Fragments communicate through the parent Activity, which acts as an intermediary.

2. Using ViewModel with a shared lifecycle with the Activity: A ViewModel is created associated with the Activity, and both fragments access it, exchanging data via LiveData.

3. Fragment arguments: When creating the second fragment, data can be passed through a Bundle using the setArguments() method.

Example of passing data via ViewModel:

class SharedViewModel : ViewModel() {
    val selectedData = MutableLiveData<String>()
}

// In the first fragment
sharedViewModel.selectedData.value = "Data to pass"

// In the second fragment
sharedViewModel.selectedData.observe(viewLifecycleOwner) { data ->
    // Use the received data
}