Explain why not all memory operations in an application are performed on the stack, and some are done on the heap.

Stack and heap are different areas of memory with different characteristics.

• Stack is used for storing local variables and function calls. It operates quickly because memory is allocated and freed following the LIFO (last in, first out) principle. However, the stack size is limited, and it is not suitable for storing large or dynamically changing data.

• Heap is intended for dynamic memory allocation during program execution. It allows creating objects with indefinite lifetimes and sizes, but operations on the heap are slower due to the need for memory management (allocation, deallocation).

Therefore, in applications, some data is stored in the stack (for example, primitive local variables), while objects and large structures are stored in the heap to ensure flexibility and avoid size and lifetime restrictions.