What methods can be used to implement parallel task execution in an application?

In Android, there are several approaches for parallel task execution:

• AsyncTask (deprecated, but still found in legacy code) — for simple background tasks with UI updates.
• Thread and Runnable — creating and starting threads manually.
• HandlerThread and Handlers — for message processing in a separate thread.
• ExecutorService — a thread pool for managing tasks.
• RxJava — a library for reactive programming with convenient thread handling.
• Coroutines (Kotlin) — a modern and convenient way for asynchronous programming.
• WorkManager — for deferred and guaranteed background tasks.

Example using Kotlin Coroutines:

GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
    // Background task
    val result = doSomeWork()
    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
        // UI update
        updateUI(result)
    }
}