Explain how synchronization processes are implemented in multithreaded applications.

In multithreaded applications, synchronization is necessary to prevent conflicts when accessing shared resources simultaneously.

Main synchronization mechanisms:

• Mutexes (Mutex) — block access to a resource, allowing only one thread to work with it at a time.
• Semaphores — limit the number of threads that can work with a resource simultaneously.
• Monitors and synchronized blocks (in Java/Android) — simplify the use of mutexes.
• Atomic operations — executed without interruption, used for simple data modifications.

For example, in Android, the synchronized keyword is often used for synchronization:

private final Object lock = new Object();

public void increment() {
    synchronized(lock) {
        counter++;
    }
}

This guarantees that only one thread executes the code inside the block at a time, preventing race conditions.