Can you explain what CoroutineScope is and why it is needed in Kotlin?

CoroutineScope in Kotlin is a scope for coroutines that manages their lifecycle. It is used to launch coroutines and control their execution, cancellation, and completion.

Main tasks of CoroutineScope:

• Defines the context in which coroutines are launched (e.g., thread dispatcher).
• Allows cancelling all coroutines launched in this scope with a single call.
• Helps avoid memory leaks by tying coroutines to the lifecycle of a component (e.g., Activity or ViewModel).

Example in Android:

class MyViewModel : ViewModel(), CoroutineScope {
    private val job = Job()
    override val coroutineContext = Dispatchers.Main + job

    fun loadData() {
        launch {
            // coroutine runs on Main thread
            val data = fetchData()
            // update UI
        }
    }

    override fun onCleared() {
        super.onCleared()
        job.cancel() // cancel all coroutines on ViewModel destruction
    }
}