What is the difference between Dispatchers in Kotlin coroutines?

In Kotlin, coroutines use different dispatchers (Dispatchers) to determine on which thread or thread pool the coroutine code will run. The main dispatchers:

• Dispatchers.Main — used for executing coroutines on the main (UI) thread. Suitable for updating the UI in Android.

• Dispatchers.IO — optimized for input/output operations (reading/writing files, network requests). Uses a thread pool that can expand as needed.

• Dispatchers.Default — used for CPU-intensive tasks (computations, data processing). Runs on a thread pool whose size depends on the number of processor cores.

• Dispatchers.Unconfined — starts the coroutine in the current thread until the first suspension, then continues in the thread that resumes the coroutine. Rarely used, for example, for testing.

Choosing a dispatcher affects the application's performance and correctness, especially in Android, where UI operations must be performed on the main thread, and heavy tasks on the background.