What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous interaction?

Synchronous interaction implies that the calling process waits for the operation to complete before continuing its work. For example, when calling a function that returns a result, the program blocks until the response is received.

Asynchronous interaction allows initiating an operation and continuing execution without waiting for its completion. The result is processed later, for example, through a callback, promise, or event. This increases system responsiveness and allows efficient resource utilization, especially when working with input-output or network requests.