Tell us about the Page Object pattern and what problem it solves?

The Page Object pattern is used in test automation to represent web pages as objects. Each Page Object encapsulates the elements of the page and actions with them, making tests more readable and maintainable.

The problem that the Page Object solves is code duplication and the difficulty of maintaining tests when the interface changes. Instead of changing each test, it is enough to update the corresponding Page Object.

Example in Python using Selenium:

class LoginPage:
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
        self.username_input = driver.find_element_by_id('username')
        self.password_input = driver.find_element_by_id('password')
        self.login_button = driver.find_element_by_id('login')

    def login(self, username, password):
        self.username_input.send_keys(username)
        self.password_input.send_keys(password)
        self.login_button.click()

Tests use this class without worrying about locator details and element interactions.