What are the main stages that occur when a program runs after its launch?

After launching the program, several main stages occur:

1. Loading the program into memory — the operating system allocates the necessary amount of memory and loads the executable file.
2. Environment initialization — setting environment variables, configuring the stack and heap.
3. Dependency resolution — loading necessary libraries and modules.
4. Code execution — the processor begins executing the program instructions, starting from the entry point (e.g., main in C/C++).
5. Error and exception handling — if errors occur, the program can handle them or terminate abnormally.
6. Termination — releasing resources, saving state, and returning an exit code to the OS.

These stages may vary depending on the programming language and runtime environment.