How is the backend part of the application tested?

Backend testing includes:

1. API Testing:

   • Checking endpoint functionality (CRUD operations, business logic).
   • Validation of requests and responses (structure, data types, value ranges).
   • Testing authorization and authentication.
   • Error and exception handling verification.
   • Using tools like Postman, Swagger, cURL.

2. Database Testing:

   • Verifying correct data storage and retrieval.
   • Testing data schemas, integrity constraints.
   • Checking transactional operations.
   • Performance testing of queries.
   • Using database client tools (SQL Developer, pgAdmin, DBeaver).

3. Integration Testing:

   • Verifying backend interaction with other services and systems (payment gateways, third-party APIs).
   • Data exchange and format testing (JSON, XML).
   • Error handling during interactions.

4. Performance Testing:

   • Load testing - assessing behavior under expected load.
   • Stress testing - determining failure points.
   • Stability/duration testing (soak testing) - detecting memory leaks and performance degradation.
   • Using tools like JMeter, Gatling, Locust.

5. Security Testing:

   • Testing against OWASP Top 10 (Injection, Broken Authentication, Sensitive Data Exposure, etc.).
   • Vulnerability scanning (OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite).
   • Access rights and role verification.

6. Unit and Integration Testing (developers):

   • Unit testing covers individual modules/functions.
   • Integration testing checks interaction between modules.

For automation, frameworks like:

• Java: Rest Assured, JUnit, TestNG.
• Python: Requests, Pytest, Django Test Client, Flask Test Client.
• JavaScript (Node.js): Jest, Mocha, Supertest.