Tell us about the scope of fixtures in pytest.

In pytest, fixtures can have different scopes that determine their lifespan and scope of action:

• function (default) — the fixture is recreated for each test function.
• class — the fixture is created once for the entire test class.
• module — the fixture is created once for the entire module (test file).
• package — the fixture is created once per package (directory with init.py).
• session — the fixture is created once for the entire test session.

For example, if you need to initialize a database once for the entire module, you can set the scope to module:

import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def db_connection():
    conn = create_db_connection()
    yield conn
    conn.close()

This helps optimize test execution time and manage resources more efficiently.