Where do we get the expected result from?

The expected result is taken from the functional requirements, specifications, or product documentation. This can be:

• Technical task (TT), which describes what the system should do.
• User stories or usage scenarios.
• Results of previous tests or reference data.
• Data obtained from business logic or rules.

For example, if testing an addition function, the expected result is the sum of two numbers, which can be calculated manually or taken from the specification. In test automation, a separate set of data with expected results is often created to compare with actual results.