What drivers are used for automation on iOS and Android?

The following drivers are used for automating mobile application testing on iOS and Android:

• Appium — a cross-platform tool that uses drivers for iOS and Android.

• For iOS, Appium uses the XCUITest driver, which interacts with Apple's XCTest framework.

• For Android, Appium employs the UIAutomator2 driver (for newer Android versions) or Espresso (an alternative driver for Android).

These drivers allow writing tests in a single language (e.g., Java, Python, JavaScript) and running them on real devices or emulators/simulators.

Example of initializing the Appium driver for Android in Java:

DesiredCapabilities caps = new DesiredCapabilities();
caps.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
caps.setCapability("automationName", "UiAutomator2");
caps.setCapability("app", "/path/to/app.apk");
AndroidDriver driver = new AndroidDriver(new URL("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub"), caps);

For iOS, similarly, change automationName to XCUITest and specify the path to the .app or .ipa.