What categories can be used to divide arguments passed to a function?

Arguments passed to a function in Python can be divided into several categories:

1. Positional arguments — passed in the order in which the function parameters are declared.

2. Named (keyword) arguments — passed with the parameter name specified, allowing changing the order and improving readability.

3. Default arguments — parameters that have default values set during function declaration, which can be omitted when calling the function.

4. Arbitrary number of positional arguments — collected into a tuple using *args.

5. Arbitrary number of named arguments — collected into a dictionary using **kwargs.

Example:

def func(a, b=2, *args, **kwargs):
    print(f'a={a}, b={b}')
    print(f'args={args}')
    print(f'kwargs={kwargs}')

func(1, 3, 4, 5, x=10, y=20)

Here, a is positional, b has a default value, args are additional positional arguments, and kwargs are additional named arguments.