What is the difference between == and is? What will print({1} == {1})?

In Python, the == operator checks for equality of object values, meaning it compares the contents.

The is operator checks whether two variables point to the same object in memory (object identity).

Example:

a = [1, 2]
b = [1, 2]
print(a == b)  # True, because the lists contain the same elements
print(a is b)  # False, because they are different objects

In your example print({1} == {1}), two sets each containing the number 1 are compared. Since sets with the same elements are equal, the output will be:

True