Explain the principle of strict typing and how it is implemented in programming languages.

Static typing is a property of programming languages where data types are strictly controlled and implicit type conversions are not allowed without explicit indication.

This means that a variable of one type cannot be used as another type without explicit conversion, which helps prevent errors.

In statically typed languages, such as Python (starting from version 3.5 with support for type annotations), types can be explicitly specified, and static analysis tools can check for type consistency.

Example in Python with type annotations:

def greet(name: str) -> str:
    return "Hello, " + name

# If a number is passed, the static analyzer will issue a warning
print(greet(123))  # Type error during check

Although Python is dynamically typed, static typing is implemented through annotations and external type checking tools (mypy, Pyright).

Unlike dynamic typing, where types can change during execution, static typing increases code reliability by catching type errors early.