How is the transfer of arguments performed when calling functions?

In Python, function call arguments are passed by object reference. This means that the function receives a reference to the object, not a copy of the value. However, the behavior depends on the mutability of the object:

• For mutable objects (e.g., lists, dictionaries), changes inside the function will be visible outside.
• For immutable objects (e.g., numbers, strings, tuples), any changes inside the function create new objects and do not affect the original.

Example:

def add_element(lst):
    lst.append(4)

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
add_element(my_list)
print(my_list)  # Will output [1, 2, 3, 4]


def increment(n):
    n += 1

x = 5
increment(x)
print(x)  # Will output 5, since int is immutable

Thus, passing arguments in Python is passing references to objects, but the behavior depends on the mutability of the objects.