What are the advantages and disadvantages of using OFFSET and LIMIT for implementing pagination in SQL queries?

Using OFFSET and LIMIT in SQL for pagination has the following advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages:

• Simple to implement and understand.
• Supported by almost all DBMS.
• Allows quick retrieval of the desired range of rows.

Disadvantages:

• For large OFFSET values, queries become slower as the database has to skip many rows before fetching.
• Possible data consistency issues when the table changes between queries (e.g., data is added or removed).
• Inefficient for deep pages, as performance drops.

To improve performance, alternatives are often used, such as cursor-based pagination, where the selection is based on the value of the last record rather than an offset.