Tell about decorators in Python.

Decorators in Python are functions that take another function and return a new function with extended behavior, without modifying the original code of the decorated function.

They are often used for:

• Logging function calls
• Access control checks
• Caching results
• Measuring execution time

Example of a simple decorator:

def decorator(func):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(f"Calling function {func.__name__}")
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        print(f"Function {func.__name__} finished")
        return result
    return wrapper

@decorator
def say_hello(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

say_hello("World")

Here, @decorator is syntactic sugar for say_hello = decorator(say_hello).

Decorators can be parameterized, accept arguments, and be applied to class methods. They help write cleaner and more reusable code, separating additional logic from the main function.