How does Python resolve hash collisions when hashing keys in a dictionary?

In Python, dictionaries are implemented based on hash tables, and open addressing with probing is used to resolve collisions. When a collision occurs — that is, two keys have the same hash — the interpreter sequentially searches for the next free cell in the table according to a specific algorithm (usually linear or quadratic probing).

This means that when inserting or searching for a key, if the cell is occupied by another key, Python checks the next position until it finds either the desired key or an empty cell for insertion.

Here's an example of how it works:

my_dict = {}
my_dict['key1'] = 'value1'
my_dict['key2'] = 'value2'
# If the hash of 'key1' and 'key2' coincides, Python will find another position for 'key2'

Thus, Python efficiently handles collisions, maintaining high performance for insertion and search operations.