In what cases should classes be avoided and simple functions used instead?

It is advisable to avoid classes and use functions when:

• The task is simple and does not require state or complex logic.
• You need to write small utility functions that do not depend on the state of an object.
• To improve readability and simplicity of the code, especially if the class does not add value.

Functions are easier to test and use if inheritance or encapsulation is not necessary.

Example:

# Instead of a class for a simple operation
def calculate_area(width, height):
    return width * height

# A class here is redundant