Is it possible to use only SQL for interacting with databases, or are there alternative approaches?

SQL is the primary language for interacting with relational databases, but there are alternative approaches:

• ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) — libraries that allow working with the database through objects and methods of a programming language, hiding SQL details. In Python, popular ones are SQLAlchemy, Django ORM.
• NoSQL databases — use different data models (documents, key-value, graphs) and their own APIs, not based on SQL.
• Using APIs or drivers that provide methods for data operations without directly writing SQL.

Thus, you can work with databases not only through pure SQL but also through higher-level abstractions or alternative data models.