What functions need to be defined for full encapsulation of a class?

To fully encapsulate a class in PHP, it is necessary to define access methods for private or protected properties — usually getters (get) and setters (set). They allow controlling the reading and modification of the object's internal data without giving direct access to the properties.

Example:

class User {
    private string $name;

    public function getName(): string {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function setName(string $name): void {
        // Validation can be added here
        $this->name = $name;
    }
}

Thus, properties remain hidden, and access to them is through methods, which is the essence of encapsulation.