Could you explain how the version control system Git works?

Git is a distributed version control system that allows tracking changes in code and working on a project collaboratively.

Main stages of working with Git:

1. Repository initialization — git init creates a local repository.
2. Adding files to the index — git add <file> prepares changes for commit.
3. Committing changes — git commit -m "message" saves a snapshot of the state.
4. Working with branches — creating and switching between branches (git branch, git checkout).
5. Synchronizing with a remote repository — git push sends changes, git pull fetches updates.

Example:

git init
git add main.php
git commit -m "Initial commit"
git remote add origin https://github.com/user/repo.git
git push -u origin master

Thus, Git helps organize collaborative work and store change history.