Can you name the main access modifiers and their features?

In PHP, there are three main access modifiers for class properties and methods:

• public — accessible from anywhere, both inside and outside the class.
• protected — accessible within the class and its subclasses.
• private — accessible only within the class where it is declared.

Example:

class Example {
    public $publicVar = 'Accessible everywhere';
    protected $protectedVar = 'Accessible in class and subclasses';
    private $privateVar = 'Accessible only in this class';

    public function showVars() {
        echo $this->publicVar . "\n";
        echo $this->protectedVar . "\n";
        echo $this->privateVar . "\n";
    }
}

class ChildExample extends Example {
    public function showProtected() {
        echo $this->protectedVar; // Works
        // echo $this->privateVar; // Error
    }
}

Using access modifiers helps control encapsulation and protect internal object state.