What do you know about object-oriented paradigm?

OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects," which can contain data (fields or properties) and code (methods or procedures). The main principles of OOP:

• Encapsulation: Binding data and methods that operate on this data into a single unit (class), hiding the internal implementation from the outside world. This is achieved through access modifiers (public, protected, private).
• Inheritance: Allows creating new classes (child classes) that inherit properties and methods from existing classes (parent classes). This promotes code reuse and organization of hierarchies.
• Polymorphism: The ability to use the same interface for different data types or objects. In PHP, this is implemented through inheritance, interfaces, and abstract classes, allowing objects of different classes to respond differently to the same method call.
• Abstraction: Highlighting the most essential characteristics of an object and ignoring less significant details. In PHP, abstraction is achieved through abstract classes and interfaces.

Additional concepts related to OOP:

• Classes: Templates for creating objects, defining their structure (properties) and behavior (methods).
• Objects: Instances of classes.
• Interfaces: Define a set of methods that a class must implement.
• Traits: A mechanism for code reuse in PHP, allowing classes to use methods from multiple traits.

OOP promotes modularity, flexibility, code reuse, and facilitates the development and maintenance of large applications.

<?php

// Example class
class Car {
    // Property (encapsulation)
    private $model;

    // Constructor
    public function __construct($model) {
        $this->model = $model;
    }

    // Method
    public function startEngine() {
        echo "Engine " . $this->model . " started.\n";
    }
}

// Example of inheritance
class ElectricCar extends Car {
    public function startEngine() { // Polymorphism
        echo "Electric motor " . $this->model . " started quietly.\n";
    }
}

// Creating objects
$myCar = new Car("Sedan");
$myCar->startEngine();

$myElectricCar = new ElectricCar("Electric vehicle");
$myElectricCar->startEngine();

?>