Can you list the main properties or characteristics that classes can have?

The main properties (characteristics) of classes in Java include:

• Fields (class variables) — store the state of the object.
• Methods — define the behavior of the class and its objects.
• Constructors — special methods for creating class objects.
• Access modifiers (public, private, protected) — determine the visibility level of class members.
• Inheritance — a class can inherit properties and methods from another class.
• Encapsulation — hiding internal implementation and providing access through methods.
• Polymorphism — the ability to use objects of different classes through a common interface.
• Static members — belong to the class itself rather than to objects.
• Nested classes — classes declared within other classes.

Example of a simple class with some properties:

public class Person {
    private String name; // field
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) { // constructor
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() { // method
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}