What approaches and practices are used for safe working with threads in multithreaded development?

The following approaches and practices are used for safe working with threads in Java:

• Synchronization — using the synchronized keyword or classes from java.util.concurrent.locks to prevent concurrent access to shared resources.

• Using thread-safe collections — for example, ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList.

• Immutable objects — creating immutable objects that are safe to read from multiple threads without synchronization.

• Volatile variables — to ensure visibility of variable changes between threads.

• Using high-level abstractions from java.util.concurrent — such as ExecutorService, Future, CountDownLatch, Semaphore.

• Avoiding shared state between threads, or minimizing it.

Example of method synchronization:

public class Counter {
    private int count = 0;

    public synchronized void increment() {
        count++;
    }

    public synchronized int getCount() {
        return count;
    }
}