In which packages are the classes for input/output streams?

Input/output classes are located in the java.io and java.nio packages.

• java.io: Contains traditional byte and character-based input/output streams.
• java.nio: Contains new non-blocking input/output streams using buffers and channels (NIO - New Input/Output).

Some examples of classes from these packages:

Package	Classes (examples)	Description
java.io	FileInputStream, FileOutputStream	Byte-based input/output streams for working with files
	FileReader, FileWriter	Character-based input/output streams for working with files
	BufferedReader, BufferedWriter	Buffered streams for efficient input/output
	DataInputStream, DataOutputStream	Streams for reading/writing primitive data types
java.nio	FileChannel, SocketChannel	Channels for working with files and network connections
	ByteBuffer, CharBuffer	Buffers for storing data when working with channels
	Selector	Mechanism for multiplexing non-blocking operations

Example of using FileInputStream from java.io:

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

// Example of reading from a file using FileInputStream
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("myfile.txt")) {
    int byteRead;
    while ((byteRead = fis.read()) != -1) {
        System.out.print((char) byteRead); // Read one byte at a time and print as a character
    }
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

Example of using FileChannel from java.nio:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;

// Example of reading from a file using FileChannel and ByteBuffer
try (FileChannel fileChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("myfile.txt"), StandardOpenOption.READ)) {
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); // Create a buffer
    int bytesRead;
    while ((bytesRead = fileChannel.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        buffer.flip(); // Prepare buffer for reading
        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
            System.out.print((char) buffer.get()); // Read from buffer
        }
        buffer.clear(); // Prepare buffer for next write
    }
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}