Can you explain how memory works in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?

Memory in JVM is organized into several main areas:

1. Heap — the primary area for storing objects and arrays. Memory is allocated here for objects during program execution. The heap is divided into generations: Young Generation and Old Generation, which helps optimize garbage collection.

2. Stack — stores method call frames, local variables, and references to objects in the heap. Each thread has its own stack.

3. Method Area — stores information about classes, static variables, constants, and bytecode of methods.

4. PC Register — holds the address of the currently executing instruction.

5. Native Method Stack — used for invoking native methods (e.g., in C/C++).

Garbage Collection automatically frees memory occupied by objects that are no longer in use, allowing memory management without explicit programmer intervention.