What tools does the Java standard library provide for working with threads and parallelism?

Java's standard library provides several tools for working with threads and concurrency:

• Thread class — the basic way to create and manage threads.
• Runnable and Callable interfaces — for defining tasks that can run in threads.
• Executor Framework (java.util.concurrent.Executor, ExecutorService) — abstraction for managing thread pools and executing tasks asynchronously.
• Future and CompletableFuture — for obtaining results of asynchronous computations and chaining them.
• Synchronizers (CountDownLatch, Semaphore, CyclicBarrier, Phaser) — for thread coordination.
• Concurrent Collections (ConcurrentHashMap, CopyOnWriteArrayList, etc.) — thread-safe collections.
• Fork/Join Framework — for efficient parallelization of tasks, especially recursive ones.

Example of using ExecutorService:

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
executor.submit(() -> System.out.println("Task executed in thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName()));
executor.shutdown();