How does the serialization process affect static variables inside an object?

Static variables (static) belong to the class, not to a specific object. When serializing an object, only its non-static fields are serialized — that is, the state of a particular instance. Static variables are not included in the serialized stream because they are shared among all objects of the class and are stored separately.

During deserialization, static fields are not restored from the serialized state; their value is determined by the current state of the class in the JVM. If you need to preserve the state of static variables, this must be done separately, for example, through a separate saving mechanism.