What annotations are used in Spring to define and manage components?

In Spring, the following main annotations are used for defining and managing components:

• @Component — the basic annotation to denote a component that will be managed by the Spring container.
• @Service — a specialized component, usually for business logic.
• @Repository — for components that work with the database; also provides exception handling.
• @Controller — for components that handle HTTP requests in MVC.
• @RestController — combines @Controller and @ResponseBody, used for REST APIs.

For dependency management, the following are used:

• @Autowired — for automatic dependency injection.
• @Qualifier — to specify which bean to inject when there are multiple.

These annotations allow Spring to automatically scan, create, and inject necessary objects, simplifying application configuration.