Можешь перечислить основные виды Bean, используемых в Java или Spring?

In Spring and Java, the main types of Beans can be classified by several criteria:

1. By creation method:

   • Singleton — one instance per Spring container (default).
   • Prototype — a new instance is created for each request.
   • Request — one instance per HTTP request (in web applications).
   • Session — one instance per HTTP session.
   • Application — one instance per ServletContext.

2. By role in the application (in Spring):

   • @Component — general component.
   • @Service — service layer, business logic.
   • @Repository — data access layer, DAO.
   • @Controller — MVC controllers.

3. By definition method:

   • Beans defined via XML configuration.
   • Beans defined via Java configuration with @Bean.
   • Beans defined via annotations (@Component and derivatives).

Thus, the main types of Beans in Spring are Singleton, Prototype, specialized scopes (Request, Session), and by purpose — services, repositories, controllers, and components.