Explain what is meant by the compilation stage in the software development process.

The compilation stage is the process of converting source code written in a high-level language (e.g., Java) into intermediate or machine code that the computer can understand. In the case of Java, the javac compiler converts .java files into bytecode .class files, which can then be executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Compilation helps identify syntax errors before running the program and optimizes the code for more efficient execution. This stage is important for ensuring the correctness and performance of the application.