What methods and tools can be used to implement thread management in applications?

In Java, multithreading can be implemented using several methods and tools:

1. Thread class — creating and starting threads by inheriting from Thread or implementing Runnable.

Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
    System.out.println("Thread is running");
});
thread.start();

2. Executor Framework — a more flexible way to manage thread pools via Executor, ExecutorService interfaces.

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
executor.submit(() -> System.out.println("Task in thread pool"));
executor.shutdown();

3. Synchronization and locks — for managing access to shared resources, using synchronized keyword, classes from java.util.concurrent.locks.

4. Concurrent Collections — thread-safe collections like ConcurrentHashMap.

5. Java 8+ functional features — CompletableFuture for asynchronous programming.

These tools allow creating, running, controlling, and synchronizing threads in applications.