What memory management methods are available to developers?

In Java, automatic memory management is performed by the garbage collector (Garbage Collector, GC). Developers can indirectly control this process:

• Explicit resource release: using try-with-resources construct or calling the close() method to release resources not managed by GC (e.g., files, sockets).
• Weak references (WeakReference): allow GC to collect objects even if there are weak references to them.
• Calling System.gc(): suggests to the JVM to run garbage collection, but this is only a recommendation, and execution is not guaranteed.

There is no direct memory management like in C/C++ in Java, but proper code design and resource release help the GC work efficiently.