When might the finally block not execute?

The finally block in Java will not execute in the following cases:

• If the JVM crashes (for example, due to a native code error or system failure).
• If the method System.exit() is called within a try or catch block, which terminates the process immediately.
• If the thread executing the code is interrupted or killed before reaching the finally block.

Under normal circumstances, including when exceptions are thrown, the finally block always executes, ensuring resource release and cleanup actions.