What methods do you use to manage the lifecycle of objects in Hibernate?

In Hibernate, the management of object lifecycle is carried out using various methods and entity states:

• save() / persist() — save a new object to the database, transitioning it to the "managed" (persistent) state.
• update() / merge() — update an existing object or merge the state of a detached object with the current context.
• delete() — remove an object from the database.
• evict() — remove an object from the session, transitioning it to the "detached" state.
• refresh() — update the state of an object from the database.

The object lifecycle in Hibernate includes the states: transient (temporary, not associated with a session), persistent (managed by the session), detached (disconnected from the session).

Example:

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

// Creating and saving an object
User user = new User();
user.setName("John");
session.save(user); // object becomes persistent

// Updating the object
user.setName("John Doe");
session.update(user);

// Deleting the object
session.delete(user);

tx.commit();
session.close();

Thus, Hibernate methods allow controlling the state of objects and their synchronization with the database.