Can you explain what a call stack is and how it is used in programming?

The call stack is a data structure that stores information about the sequence of function calls in a program. Each time a function is called, a record (frame) is placed on the stack, containing the return address and local variables of that function.

When the function completes, its frame is removed from the stack, and control returns to the calling location.

Examples of usage:

• Tracking the current state of program execution.
• Handling recursive calls.
• Debugging and generating error traces.

In Java, the call stack helps the JVM manage method execution and ensures correct return from functions.