Can you explain how the exception inheritance structure is organized in a programming language?

In Java language, exceptions are organized into a hierarchical inheritance structure, where the base class is java.lang.Throwable. From it, two main subclasses are inherited: Exception and Error. Exception represents exceptions that can be handled, while Error indicates serious errors that are usually not handled by the program.

Further, Exception is divided into checked and unchecked exceptions. Checked exceptions (e.g., IOException) require mandatory handling or declaration in the method. Unchecked exceptions (e.g., RuntimeException and its subclasses) do not require mandatory handling.

Example:

try {
    int result = 10 / 0; // will throw ArithmeticException
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
    System.out.println("Division by zero is not possible");
}

Here, ArithmeticException is a subclass of RuntimeException, which in turn inherits from Exception.