In what form does the JVM convert the source bytecode during execution?

During execution, the JVM converts the source bytecode into machine code understandable by the processor using Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation.

Initially, the bytecode is loaded and interpreted, and then the most frequently executed sections of code are compiled into native code to improve performance.

Thus, the JVM provides portability (bytecode is the same for all platforms) and optimization of execution on a specific machine.