What exceptions used for error checking do you know and apply in your practice?

In Java, various types of exceptions are used for error handling and exceptional situations. Here are the main categories and examples:

• Checked exceptions — require mandatory handling or declaration in the method:

  • IOException — input/output errors
  • SQLException — database operation errors
  • ClassNotFoundException — class not found

• Unchecked exceptions — inherit from RuntimeException, do not require mandatory handling:

  • NullPointerException — null reference access
  • IllegalArgumentException — invalid method argument
  • IndexOutOfBoundsException — array or list index out of bounds

• Errors — serious problems, usually not handled:

  • OutOfMemoryError
  • StackOverflowError

In practice, checked exceptions are most often handled to ensure stability, and unchecked exceptions are controlled to prevent failures.

Example of exception handling:

try {
    FileReader file = new FileReader("file.txt");
    // work with the file
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    // error handling logic
}

It is important to choose the appropriate exception type and handle it where the program can correctly recover or terminate the operation properly.