What methods do you know and use to prevent or eliminate deadlocks in a multithreaded application?

The following methods are used in multithreaded applications to prevent or eliminate deadlocks:

• Avoid cyclic dependencies: always acquire multiple locks in the same order.
• Use timeouts when acquiring locks: if the lock is not obtained within a specified time, roll back the operation and retry later.
• Minimize lock holding time: release resources as quickly as possible.
• Use higher-level synchronization primitives (e.g., DispatchQueue in iOS, NSLock with tryLock).
• Avoid nested locks if possible.

An example using DispatchQueue for sequential access without locks:

let serialQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "com.example.serialQueue")

serialQueue.async {
    // Code that should be executed sequentially
}

This approach helps avoid deadlocks, as tasks are executed sequentially without mutual waiting.