How is data binding to user interface elements implemented in UIKit?

In UIKit, data binding with UI elements is usually implemented manually, as unlike SwiftUI, there is no built-in two-way binding mechanism.

Main methods:

• Direct assignment of values: for example, setting the text in a UILabel via the text property.
• Using delegates and target-action to handle events and update data.
• KVO (Key-Value Observing) — allows observing property changes and updating the UI.
• Using third-party libraries, such as RxSwift for reactive binding.

Example of simple binding:

class ViewController: UIViewController {
    @IBOutlet weak var nameLabel: UILabel!
    var name: String = "Ivan" {
        didSet {
            nameLabel.text = name
        }
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        nameLabel.text = name
    }
}

Here, when the name property changes, the text in UILabel is updated.